Advertisement Advertising And Consumerism - 1406 Words

In today’s society, there is a huge overlap between advertising and consumerism, which affects what people buy and where they buy it. Advertisements are put out for the sole purpose of persuading people to buy certain products. Advertising agencies do this by shaping â€Å"product images and brand-name identities† (Campbell Et Al. 322) to conform to the image a parent company wants the viewer to see. Advertisements are a valuable weapon because they create brand identity, which in turn determines the success of a product and, therefore, it’s company. There are many different mediums for advertisements; however, this essay focuses on billboards as the primary advertising medium. Roadside billboards help bolster the notion of common American ideologies through the use of photos and text. Consumerism has become a more universally accepted term since the turn of the 20th century and the advertising boom in the early 1960s. Consumerism is â€Å"the belief that goods give meaning to individuals and their roles in society† (Cross 1). When consumerism first became prevalent, it succeeded because it gave people a â€Å"sense of freedom† (Cross, 2). Before the start of mass production there were limited products out on the market for people to choose from; however, when the industrial revolution hit and mass production started many more products were introduced into the market. Before this, companies didn’t have to worry about differentiating their products and the customer wasn’tShow MoreRelatedThe Harmful Effects of Advertising on Society982 Words   |  4 Pagessociety many people see advertising as harmful in many different ways. With today’s society image is everything, and advertising uses this to their advantage. Advertising uses this as a way to make insecure people buy products they do not need. Many advertisements that are seen today on television, billboards, newspaper, and magazines are indeed harmful to our eyes and brain. Many of them make people feel like crap, that you dont have this car or that house or that body. Advertising is harmful to societyRead MoreHannah Hoch and James Rosenquist --Insiders and Outsiders of Consumerism and Gender 1551 Words   |  7 Pagesaccordingly the availability of consumer goods. And with the rise of the mass media, various products have been targeted on broad groups of consumers. Consumerism, which is propelled by a system of mass production and high levels of consumption, has been one of the themes in art works from twentieth century till now. In regard to consumerism and gender, I find two figures—Hannah Hoch and James Rosenquist--connected. Hoch once worked for a womens magazine of the huge Ullstein Press while RosenquistRead MoreAmerican Rock N Roll Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pagesin sales. As pop culture and consumerism started to set in place in the 1950s, visual appearance and style became tools for communication to others about yourself. This became evident in the visual appearance of automobiles with stylish features and symbols. The automobile became an instrument for egocentrism. Pre-consumerism designers believed that form should follow function and that fitness and utility was the first principle of good design while post-consumerism design emphasised the psychologicalRead Moreâ€Å"Disney Constructs Childhood so as to Make It Entirely Compatible with Consumerism1617 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Disney constructs childhood so as to make it entirely compatible with consumerism† (Smoodin c ited in Giroux, 2002; 105). Discuss this statement in relation to TWO animated films from the Disney canon. The Walt Disney Company is a diversified international entertainment company (Disney, 2010) with ownership of many media outlets including radio, cinema, television and literature as well as consumer products such as stationary and toys. The Disney brand has huge recognition globally especiallyRead MoreThe New Consumerism And Media Culture1418 Words   |  6 Pages The New Consumerism and Media Culture Professor Chyng- Feng Sun October 31, 2017 In Chapter 27, The New Politics of Consumption: Why Americans Want So Much More Than They Need, author Juliet Schor states consuming is authentic as it gets in the American culture and the standard of living has changed in relation to consumerism. Americans need to work longer hours in order to make money that they are then pressured to spend. Schor describes today s consumerism as the new consumerism. This canRead MoreDisadvantages Of Consumerism1154 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"The study of consumerism in world history does not provide a definitive balance sheet on whether the long-term results are favorable or unfavorable. But it does provide perspective, allowing [a] greater understanding of what consumerism involves, and perspective...offers a greater capacity to choose...rather than being swept away by the latest enthusiasm† (Stearns, 159). Peter Stearns’ book â€Å"Consumerism In World History: The Global Transformation of Desire† offers an extensive perspective on theRead MoreThe Impact Of Consumerism939 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Dictionary.com, consumerism is defined as â€Å"the concept that an ever-expanding consumption of goods is advantageous to the economy.† Basically, this definition boils down to people getting more people to buy more products is a good thing. However, things aren’t always as they seem. In order to get people to be interested in your product, there is lots of advertisement invo lved and this of course costs money. Unfortunately, with lots of advertisements, they may not tell the whole truthRead MoreWhat Is The Value Of Graphic Design? Essay1567 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the value of graphic design? Graphic Design’s role in advertising is arguably a controversial one in regards to the morality and principles that designers have to consider when generating work for companies and issues they find have questionable ideologies. To a certain extent, graphic designers have to take into consideration the ethical and moral implications any design brief may have and deliberate the monetary value against their own moral standards. Taking this into consideration, theRead MoreAdvertisements Influence Consumers1048 Words   |  5 Pages09/28/10 Advertisements Influence Consumers Nowadays, there are a lot of advertisements of various brands in television, magazines, newspaper, the Internet or on the streets. We are living in a world which advertisements appear in many kinds of methods twenty four hours a day. Advertisements often use different images to promote their products for obtaining more economic benefits; the advertisement also brings many bad influences to audiences as well. Because advertisements have a lotRead MorePositive And Negative Aspects Of Advertising1695 Words   |  7 Pages Advertising may be considered among the most quietly controversial subjects in our society, and is yet, ever so essential. There are both positive and negative aspects, and although that could be true for anything, advertising is unique in the sense that it requires a constant give and take from consumers. Furthermore, I have investigated certain technological benefits associated with advertising that improve effectiveness, and how advertising benefits consum ers. On the contrary, I have evaluated

Social Problems From Crime, Criminal Justice, And...

Social Problems from Crime, Criminal Justice, Juvenile Delinquency, Prison System, and Incarceration Billy Marquardt There are many different situations going on in the United States. What is going on in our country becomes a social issues that the whole country will have to deal with. Crime, criminal justice, juvenile delinquency, the prison system, and incarceration are all problems that are prevailing in our media. Flaws in the system, violence, and outbreaks are making people more aware of what is really going on around them. An uneasy feeling has started settling into American’s because of what is happening around them. Either media plays up situations misleading American’s, the people don’t like the truths that they are hearing, or a combination of both. It has started a cause and effect action. Something bad happens in our country and the people retaliate in peaceful or violent ways. People are starting to treat each other differently because of skin color, job titles, and gender. This is producing tension with every problematic occurrence. Crime in the United States from 2014 to 2013 has decreased. According the FBI’s page, the definition of â€Å"violent crime† is, composed of four offenses: murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. Violent crimes are those offenses that involve force or threat of force. These crimes have decreased from a little over 1.250,000 to an estimated 1,165,383 nationwide.(Lowe)Show MoreRelatedCriminals Must Be Punished For Breaking The Laws Of The Land1489 Words   |  6 PagesCriminals need to be punished for breaking the laws of the land. However, the space in which we discipline those who do not respect the law is vanishing. So, what will we do with criminals once all our jails exceed their maximum capacity? Those who break the law pose a danger to our society which is why we developed the system of incarceration. Jails have functioned in our society to protect citizens, or those who obey the constitution. For years, our jails were able to separate criminals from obedientRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1308 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Criminal Justice System The criminal justice system refers to the way in which a society chooses to handle all aspects of crime and punishment. In the Western world, particularly the United States, the criminal justice system is an official governmental system that focuses on crime and punishment, though some societies still incorporate a significant amount of informal social controls into their criminal justice systems. The criminal justice system covers everything from crime-prevention andRead MoreThe United States Incarceration System1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States incarceration system is a structural foundation of punishment in which is formed by robust authoritarian power. The United States criminal justice system is not an institution to be underestimated, as it represents the highest incarceration rate of all world nations at a staggering 700 inmates per 100 thousand citizens (Krisberg, 7). Based on the social and political structure of democracy in the United States, it is argued that incarceration systems should follow the same rootsRead MoreInjustices in the American Justice System Essay examples1436 Words   |  6 PagesThe Justice system seeks to prevent crimes and to capture those who have committed crimes. But what are the causes of crime, maybe poverty, or greed, or is sometimes caused by the system. Is the risk worth the reward and is reward the worth risking the punishment? Power and influence is threaded deeply into the Criminal Justice System. Are all offenders caught and processed with the same demeanor and given the same punishment? The system needs to be impartial to all offenders regardless of the offender’sRead MorePunishment vs Rehabilitation1661 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The expectations that our society has for the criminal justice system  is to punish and rehabilitate individuals who commit crime. Punishment and rehabilitation are also two of the four acknowledged objectives of the criminal justice system, with deterrence and incapacitation being the others. In the United States, punishment has always been the primary goal to achieve when dealing with individuals who commit acts of crime. Many theorists throughout history have argued which is moreRead MoreEssay on Cost of Incarceration1308 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is incarceration? Incarceration is the act of placing someone in prison. Incarceration serves as a punishment for criminals due to their actions against the law. It is a solution for keeping the public safe. Prisoners follow a strict rules and schedules while following the culture within the walls among other prisoners. As a result of their crimes, convicts lose their freedom and are place among others who suffer the same fate. Crime is the cause of this establishment, but what are the effectsRead MoreThe Major Punishment For Criminal Acts1526 Words   |  7 PagesBarnett November 3, 2015 In the last few centuries, jails have been utilized as the major punishment for criminal acts. Some of the common punishments used earlier include public humiliation, corporal punishment, and penal bondage. However, capital punishment along with banishment was used for severe offences. In the recent past, according to the statistics from the Department of Justice, an estimated 2338,000 individuals are in state prisons, more than 90,000 are in the federal prison, and moreRead MoreThe Factual United States Criminal Justice System1434 Words   |  6 Pages The Factual United States Criminal Justice System. Myths are stories telling a part of the world view of a society or give an explanation of a practice, belief, or natural phenomenon. It is a popular viewpoint, embodying the ideals and institutions of a society or segment of society. Although myths are regarded as fictional representations, they often reveal underlying ideals. Myths often tell us more about our social and cultural values than they do about any particularRead MoreThe Flaws of Incarceration in America Essay1366 Words   |  6 Pagesinmates, and its incarceration rate is growing exponentially. The expense generated by these overcrowded prisons cost the country a substantial amount of money every year. While people are incarcerated for a number of reasons, the country’s prisons are focused on punishment rather than reform, and the result is a misguided system that fails to rehabilitate criminals or discourage crime. The ineffectiveness of the United States’ criminal justice system is caused by mass inc arceration of non-violentRead MoreCritique Of Systematic Control Perspective Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesPerspective is stemming from a Rational Choice Theory in it’s believe that people make rational choices before their actions. It presents a view that all humans are prone to make intelligential, logical decisions and any false step therefore is subject to punishment. Our current criminal justice system was practically build on that notion. It was created to be convenient and straight-forward, disregarding factors that might have an impact on an individual to commit a crime. While SCP is presenting

British Parliamentary Free Essays

string(80) " the speeches given by each of the eight speakers listed in the previous table\." British parliamentary The British Parliamentary Debate Format Robert Trapp, Willamette University Yang Ge, Dalian Nationalities University A debate format consists of a description of the teams in the debate and the order and times for the speeches that make up that debate. The British Parliamentary debate format[1] differs from many other formats because it involves four teams rather than two. Two teams, called the â€Å"First Proposition† and the â€Å"Second Proposition† teams, are charged with the responsibility of supporting the proposition while two other teams, â€Å"First Opposition† and â€Å"Second Opposition,† are charged with opposing it. We will write a custom essay sample on British Parliamentary or any similar topic only for you Order Now Two speakers represent each of the four teams and each speaker gives a speech of seven minutes. The following chart describes the basic format and time limits. As you will see from the chart, each speaker is given a unique title. British Parliamentary Debate Format Speaker |Time | |Prime Minister |7 minutes | |1st speaker for 1st proposition: | | |Leader of Opposition |7 minutes | |1st speaker for 1st opposition: | | |Deputy Prime Minister |7 minutes | |2nd speaker for 1st proposition: | | |Deputy Leader of Opposition |7 minutes | |2nd speaker for 1st opposition: | | |Member of Government |7 minutes | |1st speaker for 2nd proposition: | | |Member of Opposition |7 minutes | |1st speaker for 2nd opposition: | | |Government Whip |7 inutes | |2nd speaker for 2nd proposition: | | |Opposition Whip |7 minutes | |2nd speaker for 2nd opposition: | | As can be seen from the table above, the first four speeches are delivered by the First Proposition and the First Opposition teams then the last four speeches are delivered by the Second Proposition and Second Opposition teams. Therefore, the First Proposition and First Opposition teams generally are responsible for the first half of the debate and the Second Proposition and Second Opposition teams have the responsibility for the second half. The table above describes all of the formal speeches but it does not describe one of the most important and dynamic parts of the debate: points of information. Points of information provide opportunities for members of each team to interact with members of the teams defending the opposite side of the motion[2]. Points of information can be requested after the first minute of a speech and prior to the last minute of the speech. The first and last minute of each speech is â€Å"protected† against interruption. The point of information can last no more than fifteen seconds and may take the form of a question, a statement, or an argument. Only a debater defending the opposite side of the proposition as the speaker can request a point of information. In other words, the debaters for the proposition can request points of information of members of the opposition teams and vice versa. To request a point of information, a debater rises and politely says something like â€Å"point of information please,† or â€Å"on that point. † The debater giving the speech has the authority to accept or to refuse the request for a point of information. In general, debaters should accept a minimum of two points during their speech so that the judges and the audience will know they are able to answer points quickly and directly. Accepting more than one or two points is not advisable because to do so may have the effect of disrupting the speech. To refuse a point of information, the debater may say something like â€Å"No thank you† or â€Å"not at this time,† or may simply use a hand gesture to indicate the person should take return to their seat. If the request for a point of information is accepted, the person who has requested the point has a maximum of fifteen seconds to make the point. As stated earlier, the point can be a question, a statement, or an argument. Sometimes points of information are made to force an opponent to clarify a position but more commonly, they are made to attempt to undermine an argument being made by the speaker. After accepting a point of information, the speaker should answer the question directly. The person offering the point of information is not allowed to follow-up with additional questions. Points of information are among the most important and most interesting parts of British Parliamentary debate because they introduce an element of spontaneity to the debate and give each debater the chance to demonstrate critical thinking skills. Although points of information are a common occurrence in every speech in the debate, each speech contains elements that are unique to that speech. The following table explains the basic responsibilities of each speaker in British Parliamentary debate. Following the table is a fuller explanation of the responsibilities of each speech. Speaker Responsibilities for British Parliamentary Debate Speaker |Speaker Responsibilities | |Prime Minister |Defines and interprets the motion | |1st speaker for 1st proposition: |Develops the case for the proposition | |Leader of Opposition |Accepts the definition of the motion | |1st speaker for 1st oppositi on: |Refutes the case of the 1st proposition | | |Constructs one or more arguments against the Prime Minister’s interpretation of the | | |motion. |Deputy Prime Minister |Refutes the case of the 1st opposition | |2nd speaker for 1st proposition: |Rebuilds the case of the 1st proposition | | |May add new arguments to the case of the 1st proposition | |Deputy Leader of Opposition 2nd speaker for 1st |Continues refutation of case of 1st proposition | |opposition: |Rebuilds arguments of the 1st opposition | | |May add new arguments to the case of the 1st opposition | |Member of Government |Defends the general direction and case of the 1st proposition | |1st speaker for 2nd proposition: |Continues refutation of 1st opposition team | | |Develops a new argument that is different from but consistent with the case of the | | |1st proposition (sometimes called an extension). | |Member of Opposition |Defends the general direction taken by the 1st opposition. |1st speaker for 2nd opposi tion: |Continues general refutation of 1st proposition case | | |Provides more specific refutation of 2nd opposition | | |Provides new opposition arguments | |Government Whip |Summarizes the entire debate from the point of view of the proposition, defending the| |2nd speaker for 2nd proposition: |general view point of both proposition teams with a special eye toward the case of | | |the 2nd proposition | | |Does not provide new arguments. |Opposition Whip |Summarizes the entire debate from the point of view of the opposition, defending the | |2nd speaker for 2nd opposition: |general view point of both opposition teams with a special eye toward the case of the| | |2nd opposition | | |Does not provide new arguments. | The following sections briefly describe the speeches given by each of the eight speakers listed in the previous table. You read "British Parliamentary" in category "Papers" These are very brief descriptions that will be expanded in later chapters. Prime Minister The deb ate begins with a seven-minute speech by the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister has two basic responsibilities: to define and interpret the motion and to develop the case for the proposition. The first of these responsibilities is to define and interpret the motion for debate. The definition and interpretation is particularly important because it sets the stage for the entire debate. Remember, the Prime Minster has the right to define the motion and the responsibility to do so in a reasonable fashion. Therefore, if the Prime Minister’s interpretation is a poor one, the likely result will be a poor debate. In order to properly define and interpret the proposition, the Prime Minster should do the following: 1)Define any ambiguous terms in the proposition. )Show how these definitions are reasonable ones. 3)Outline a model that will be used by all teams in advancing the debate. More will be said about these three points in Chapter 5 on constructing a case for the proposition. The second responsibility of the Prime Minister is to construct a case for the proposition. Simply stated, a â€Å"case† consists of one or more arguments supporting the Prime Minister’s interpretation of the motion. Therefore, the Prime Minister will outline the arguments supporting the interpretation and begin to develop each of those arguments. The Prime Minister need not present all of the arguments for the First Proposition team. In many cases, the Prime Minister will state that the First Proposition team will have a certain number of arguments and that some will be presented in this speech and the Deputy Prime Minister will present the rest. Leader of the Opposition The Leader of the Opposition has three primary responsibilities: to accept the definition and interpretation of the proposition, to refute part or all of the Prime Minister’s case, and to present one or more arguments in opposition to the Prime Minister’s interpretation of the motion. First, in most ordinary situations, the Leader of the Opposition should explicitly accept the definition and interpretation of the motion as presented by the Prime Minister. In extraordinary cases, when the definition is completely unreasonable as to preclude meaningful debate, the Leader of the Opposition has the right to reject the definition. The problem with rejecting the definition is that such an action will ultimately lead to a very bad debate and the First Opposition team likely will get the blame. Therefore, even in the event of an unreasonable definition, the Leader of the Opposition should point out to the judge and the audience that the definition and interpretation presented by the Prime Minister is unreasonable and then should go ahead and accept the definition for the purposes of the current debate. Second, the Leader of the Opposition should refute part or all of the Prime Minister’s arguments for the motion. Because of the limits of time, the Leader of Opposition cannot reasonably expect to refute all of the Prime Minister’s arguments. The proper goal is to select and refute the most important arguments presented by the Prime Minister. Finally, the Leader of the Opposition should present one, two, or three arguments directed against the Prime Minister’s interpretation of the motion. These arguments are different from those arguments offered in refutation. They should consist of the most persuasive reasons that the Leader of the Opposition can present to convince the audience to reject the proposition. Deputy Prime Minister The Deputy Prime Minister has three primary obligations: to defend the case presented by the Prime Minister, to refute any independent arguments presented by the Leader of the Opposition, and to add one or more arguments to the case presented by the Prime Minister. First, the Deputy Prime Minister defends the case presented by the Prime Minister by engaging any refutation presented against the case by the Leader of the Opposition. This task needs to be accomplished in a very systematic fashion. The Deputy should take up the Prime Minister’s argument one by one and defend each argument against any refutation by the Leader of the Opposition. Thus, at the end of this section of the Deputy’s speech, the audience should see that the case originally presented by the Prime Minister still stands as strongly as it did when initially presented. Second, the Deputy Prime Minister should refute any of the independent argument presented by the Leader of the Opposition. Like the Leader of Opposition, the Deputy should not try to refute all arguments, just the most important ones. Finally, the Deputy Prime Minster should add one or two arguments to the case presented by the Prime Minister. The reasons for adding new arguments in this speech are two-fold: First, the Prime Minister may not have had adequate time to develop all of the arguments that the First Proposition team wishes to present and second, presenting these additional arguments gives the judges and audience a way to judge the ability of the Deputy Prime Minister with respect to the ability to construct arguments. Deputy Leader of the Opposition The duties of the Deputy Leader of the Opposition are similar to those of the Deputy Prime Minister. The Deputy Leader should 1) defend the refutation offered by the Leader of Opposition, 2) defend the arguments offered by the Leader of the Opposition, and 3) add one or more new arguments to those being offered by the First Proposition team. First, the Deputy Leader should defend the refutation offered by the Leader of the Opposition. The Deputy Prime Minister will have engaged the refutation presented by the Leader of Opposition. At this time, the Deputy Leader needs to show that the original refutation is still sound. Second, the Deputy Leader should defend the arguments presented by the Leader of the Opposition. The task of the Deputy Leader is to make sure that these arguments still stand firm in the mind of the judges and audience. To do so, the Deputy leader needs to consider each argument one by one, engage any refutation offered by the Deputy Prime Minister, and therefore rebuild each argument. Third, the Deputy Leader should present one or more arguments against the proposition. These arguments can be similar to those arguments raised by the Leader of the Opposition, yet they should be new ones to give the judges and audience the ability to judge the Deputy Leader’s argument construction skills. Member of Government The Member of Government initiates the second half of the debate. The Member of Government needs to defend the general direction taken by the First Proposition team but needs to offer a new perspective from the Second Proposition team. In other words, the Member of Government needs to defend the thesis of the First Proposition team while doing so for different reasons. The obligations of the Member of Government can be summarized as follows: 1) Defend the general perspective of the First Proposition team, 2) Continue refuting arguments made by the First Opposition team, 3) Develop one or more new arguments that are different from but consistent with the case offered by the First Proposition team. The first responsibility of the Member of the Government is to defend the general direction of the debate as started by the First Proposition team. In so doing, the Member of Government demonstrates a sense of loyalty to the other debaters defending the proposition. This part of the Member’s speech is important but need not be time consuming. One or two minutes devoted to this aspect of the speech will probably be sufficient. Second, the Member of Government should continue refuting arguments made by the First Opposition team. The Member of Government should not use the same refutation as provided by debaters of the First Proposition team, but should introduce new points of refutation unique to the Second Government team. To the extent possible, the refutation should focus on the arguments presented by the Deputy Leader of the Proposition. Finally, the Member of Government should develop one or more arguments that are different from but consistent with the arguments offered by the Prime Minister. These new arguments sometimes are referred to as an â€Å"extension. † This extension is one of the most important elements of the Member of Government’s case as it provides an opportunity to distinguish the Second Proposition team from the First Proposition while simultaneously remaining consistent with their overall approach. Member of Opposition The Member of Opposition begins the second half of the debate for the Opposition side. Like the Second Proposition team, the goal of the Second Opposition team is to remain consistent with the First Opposition team while presenting a unique perspective of their own. To accomplish this goal, the Member of Opposition needs to fulfill three obligations: 1) Defend the general direction taken by the First Opposition team, 2) Continue the refutation of the case as presented by the First Proposition, 3) Provide more specific refutation of the arguments introduced by the Member of Government, and 4) Present one or more new arguments that are consistent with, yet different from, those presented by the First Opposition team. First, the Member of Opposition should defend the general perspective taken by the First Opposition team. This need not be a time-consuming enterprise, but the Member of Opposition should make clear that the Second Opposition team is being loyal to the arguments of the First Opposition team. Second, the Member of Opposition should briefly continue the refutation of the case presented by the First Proposition team. Again, this continued refutation should be brief and should involve new points of refutation not yet considered by members of the First Opposition team. Third, the Member of Opposition should present more specific refutation of the arguments introduced by the Member of Government. Refutation of the Member of Government’s arguments is an important task because these are completely new arguments supporting the proposition side and have not yet been joined by the opposition side. Finally, the Member of Opposition should present an extension—an argument consistent with, yet different from that presented by the First Opposition team. Like the Government’s extension, this is an important responsibility of the Member of Opposition because it allows the Second Opposition team to show its loyalty to the First Opposition team while clearly differentiating themselves form the First Opposition. Government Whip The whip speakers for both teams have the responsibility to close the debate for their respective sides. The Government Whip should accomplish three goals: 1) Refute the extension offered by the Member of Opposition, 2) Defend the extension offered by the Member of Government, and 3) Summarize the debate from the perspective of the Proposition side. The first responsibility of the Government Whip is to refute the extension offered by the Member of Opposition. This extension has yet to be discussed by the Proposition team and doing so is an important responsibility of the Government Whip. Second, the Government Whip should defend the extension offered by the Member of Government. The Member of Government’s extension is a very important party of the Second Government’s case and in all likelihood has been refuted by the Member of Opposition. Therefore, defending this extension is an important responsibility of the Government Whip. The final, and perhaps most important responsibility of the Government Whip is to summarize the debate from the perspective of the Proposition side. The summary may be accomplished in a number of ways. One of the most effective ways is to identify the most crucial issues in the debate and discuss how each side has dealt with each. The summary should, of course, be made from their side’s perspective while being and appearing to be fair-minded. Similarly, the summary should be fair to the First Proposition team but should focus on the arguments pursued by the Second Proposition team. Opposition Whip The responsibilities of the Opposition Whip are almost identical to those of the Government Whip except they are accomplished from the perspective of the Opposition side rather than from the Proposition side. Again, the Opposition Whip should 1) Refute the extension offered by the Member of Government, 2) Defend the extension offered by the Member of Opposition, and 3) Summarize the debate from the perspective of the Opposition side. The details of this speech are exactly like those of the previous speech except that they focus on the Opposition side of the debate rather than the Proposition side. Once again, the primary goal of this speech is to summarize the debate from the perspective of the Opposition side, particularly from the point of view of the Second Opposition team. This summary should fairly support the Opposition side of the debate while focusing on the accomplishments of the Second Opposition team. Summary This then is the basic format of British Parliamentary debating: four teams of two persons each engage one another through a series of seven-minute speeches interspersed by points of information. The teams from each side attempt to maintain loyalty with one another while simultaneously demonstrating the unique qualities of their own arguments. Much has been introduced here that was not fully developed. Later chapters will further explore issues only mentioned here, issues such as case construction, opposition arguments, points of information, refutation and many others. ———————– [1] British Parliamentary debate sometimes is referred to as Worlds-style debate or simply four-team debate. [2] The topic for the debate is called the motion, proposition, resolution, or sometimes just the debate topic. All of these words are used interchangeably. How to cite British Parliamentary, Papers

Understanding Business And Management Research

Question: Describe about the Understanding Business And Management Research? Answer: Introduction Research methodical approaches are different for the different organization. Inter-organizational collaborations have become an important part of the organizational strategy and to counter with faster business dynamics and risk of uncertainties. The present conditions in the global market have opened the way for using different methodical approaches for analyzing market problems. Research methods include tools like collecting data then filtering them to find the appropriate ones. After that, the correct data are taken from analysis and vague data are trashed out. Different analytical tools and statistical packages are used for derivation and analysis. These techniques help to define the data and derive the full proof analysis of the problems. Research methods are there to make the analysis process more modernize. Modern approaches are helping to define the problems by more practical formulas and statistical packages. Using of graphical representation, diagram, and chart assists in ad ding more dimension to the approach. Statistical packages like SPSS, SAS, advanced Excel, STATA, and R are used to make the analysis more viable and trustworthy. These modern systems have enabled more pathways to interrogate problem cases (Larson-Hall 2015). Literature review of research methodologies 1) First Method (Quantitative) The methods and procedures maintain some rules and regulations in the analysis process. These processes are mainly maintained less plagiarism, procedures to minimize grammatical errors. However, these rules change year after year, but one should be aware when amending the task. The specific aims of methodical analysis are to provide a balanced with on the topic of research. It should be able to provide critical analysis of the research information. A good knowledge of theory and practical are needed for better analysis. The topics related with debate, and general arguments should be discussed in a way that it would reflect in the literature. For masters level project works relevant research method and techniques should be used. The material delivered should be analyzed through qualitative and quantitative methods. The understanding of research reports and the information is needed to improve the quality of the analysis (Liamputtong 2013). Quantitative tools are of enormous importance and instrumental in applying existing management and business theory. Practical problems should be countered by using more data from various authentic sources to make it more trustworthy. The theoretical and practically oriented research adds critical understanding to the body of work of the management task. The methods also include some social activities to promote further awareness to the problem topic. Study and module programs are there to help in further study on the topic of research. The learning outcome must include following models. A proper development of understanding is required for research design. The study should be done in an appropriate manner. Evaluate and justify systemically analyzing the quantitative and qualitative data. Ranges of tools are used to collect information. These instruments are recording, interviewing, reading, collecting data, communication, etc. Skills are also needed to analyze individual problems (Finley 2014). Interpersonal skills: These include skills like readiness to accept responsibility, employee flexibility, openness, etc. Team working: Skills like respecting others, giving proper support to colleagues, contributing to teamwork are included in Team working. Written Skills: Literature knowledge and writing skill are of enormous help in delegating research related tasks. IT Skills: Computer knowledge, knowledge about information technology, familiarity with word processing, spreadsheet, and file management skills is important. Experience in the work environment: Work experience is needed as employees with experience can handle critical tasks more easily than a newcomer. Fresh candidates also need skill enhancement classes, technical support, and skill training sessions to make them aware of the system (Zhu 2014). Numerical Skills: Mathematical knowledge, knowledge about statistics and numerical problem solving in practical contexts are needed to better reinvestment of delivering results. Presentation skills: Ability to deliver the result, approaching clients about their views, co Business awareness: Analyzing facts and situations and applying appropriate solution to counter the problem is needed. A general awareness of the marketplace and the challenges help to minimize problems. There are certain objectives in defining different methodologies used to define problem situations (Pickard 2012). Identify and describe important philosophies that help to analyze business problems and management issues. Outline comparative strengths and weaknesses of the main research methods Evaluate, derive and interpret qualitative data Understand and apply correct statistical packages to perform detailed analysis on quantitative data Present further research-oriented works to help future researchers to understand the depth of the subject matter Critical thinking is needed in verbal and literal form Mainly statisticians to amend any type of analysis use quantitative Methods. They use different statistical packages like STATA, R, SPSS and SAS for analysis. These techniques are perfect for evaluating any problem analysis. The quantitative methods have helped the companies to identify their problems by numerical stats. 2) Second Method (Qualitative) Basic Research Applied Research The purpose is to expand knowledge, using universal principles, relating principles with current problem topic. Significant finding and value analysis in respect to society is also needed. In applied research improved understanding of particular business, related problems are needed. Another key purpose is to look out for result-oriented solutions. Knowledge limited to problems may affect in finding the accurate result, so vast knowledge on the various subject is helpful. Research objective should be to relate the problems in relevance with management and organization. The context of basic research is to undertake result based on people concept. Choice of topic and relevancy of problem should be determined by the researcher. A flexible time scale is also an important aspect in this context. In applied research, the research program is undertaken by people based on the variety of setting included in organization and management. The originator should understand the context of the task. Specific time scales are needed to find in this context. There are four types of research problems can be found. These can be reporting, descriptive, explanatory and predictive. Good research is that where the research has distinguished the set of problems accurately and has clearly defined the symptoms and problems. In a pure research, it is wise to separate clearly the dilemma of research and address the research problem appropriately. The researcher should provide a complete research proposal (Chang-Richards et al. 2012). The research design should be thoroughly done without any mistake. The explanation should be done accordingly to help the audience to understand the construction of problem sample. Sampling methodology and proper data collection are two best procedures to access any difficult problem. There might be some limitations in the analysis, but those need to be told frankly. Frankness shows that the result of the research is trustworthy, and customers can use the result to evaluate the problems. The high ethical standard shoul d be maintained to protect any dissolution in the problem statement of the case. Safeguards are needed to be in place to protect the research results. Some participants, key findings, appropriate clients and validity of the organization should be looked after carefully so that no unethical things arrive. The studys methodology and limitation area should reflect the thought process of the researcher and researcher should give an insight of his thinking in the research paper. It can help the students and readers to see the depth of the problem (Hibbert et al. 2014). Ethics should be there to restrain and concern about the accuracy of the result. An adequate analysis is needed for decision makers to sufficiently analyze the collections of the study. Qualitative methods are mainly theory oriented and specific formulas are followed in analysis purpose. Qualitative methods are concerned about the quality of the analysis. It solely follows to maintain the guidelines when amending the task. The results from the analysis might not be the perfect outcome but it can guaranty about the quality of the task. Third Method (Qualitative + Quantitative) Finding presented unambiguously in the words, tables and graphs. Findings should be logically interpreted. It should logically facilitate research program, and the decision should be taken after mangers evaluation. The conclusion should justify the matched details. Another thing is that researcher should provide own experience and credentials with the report. In research, related topic referencing should be present. Referencing is needed to justify the credential and viability of the findings. It creates a trust factor in the mind of the readers. To assess any problem researcher should use journal articles, books and authentic website sources to help in analyzing the complexity of the problem (Gacula Jr 2013). Theoretical knowledge It is developed by systematic reflection Research knowledge It is manufactured through systematic investigation Practical knowledge It can be developed though taking actions Tools for thinking 1. Concepts 2. Metaphors 3. Models 4. Theories 5. Ideologies 6. Perspectives 7. Assumptions Primary Research tools Secondary research tools Tertiary research tools Reports Theses Conference Emails Company reports Some government journals Unpublished manuscript Journals Books Newspapers Government publications Index Databases Dictionary Bibliography Encyclopedia Catalogues A good review method includes, Explanation Literature should mention and discuss the related problem statements It mentions theoretical ideas and gives further explanations It summarizes previous studies and investigates the current problem statement. Comparison It analyzes previous studies It discusses theoretical ideas mentioned in the pretext of earlier studies Evaluation It demonstrates how the current study fits with previous studies, and it also shows new contributions This process is a mixed procedure followed by the analytic teams for proper analysis. The mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods has been proved as the best method to counter any specific problem. The problem statement analysis and amending the task is a dual responsibility for the statisticians. They are now approaching the task in a mixed manner to enhance the result better than pervious times. Analysis Assumptions Positivism Interpretivism Reality Tangible Socially constructed Research goal Explaining Understanding Knowledge generated General, average and representative Relative meaning Subject research relationship Rigid separation Interactive Focus Average Specific Desired information Should have a particular problem Problems they confront with Method Content analysis Interviews Research design should be made after revaluing these things, Investigate the research problem Attempt to explore the study Explore the objectives Obtain the information Outline procedures for every research activity Guiding the selection of sources Verifying research question The research design is all about, the kind of answers the study is looking for. What techniques have been used. The sampling procedure that is being used, time, and constraints are there to deal with. The design can be classified into four sectors. These are descriptive study and predictive study, cross-selection studies and longitudinal studies (Sderlund et al. 2011). It can further classify into two topical areas; these are statistical studies and case studies. The environmental selection has three perspectives. These are field conditions, laboratory conditions, and simulations (Creswell 2013). Evaluation To evaluate the techniques, there are methods like, Qualitative techniques Elite interviews Primary data Secondary data Surveys Telephonic survey Personal survey Electronic survey Web-based survey Postal survey Focus groups Composition of groups Quality outcomes Two-stage design Exploration Explanation In-depth interviews With students or clients Observation Observing various results and data Descriptive study To answer and to provide accurate account of current state of affairs The main steps in quantitative research Theory Hypotheses Research design Derived measures of concepts Selecting sites for research Selecting respondents Collect data Process data Analyze data Findings Write up findings Findings Concepts are as follows, Building blocks of theory Labels that give elements to social world Categories Useful concepts are, To provide an explanation of a certain aspect of the social world Standing for things, we want to explain Basis for measuring changes and variations To improve response rates to mail questionnaire Good covering letter Mailing Clear instructions Start questions with welcome word Introductory sentence Greetings Open questions Monetary incentives Personalized covering of letter Statistical graphs like histogram, polygon, ogive and pie charts are used for graphical representation. Statistical formulas like Mean, population mean, sample mean, variability, ANOVAs, Range, Variance and central tendency are used for the analysis process. Statistical tools like SPSS are used in this area. IBM has acquired the use of SPSS. It has terms like nominal, Cardinal and scale. Coding is used for each variable to assign numbers. EDA is used to explain and examine descriptive statistics and frequency distribution (De Vaus 2013). Conclusion It can be concluded that use of various methods has helped to analyze any problem more efficiently than previous times. In modern times, many statistical packages have been derived to help the analysis more productive. It has highlighted the importance of using the benefits to good effect. These tools have been precious for keeping the trust factors in the mind of readers and students. Data collection techniques have been a key instrument to collect accurate data from reliable sources to further track down the importance of the problem topic. Research has found since the last decade or so the practical results have been very frequent than previous years. It has stamped a sense of approval for the instruments, which have been used to analyze problematic situations in an organization. References: "Information, knowledge, systems management",Information, knowledge, systems management,[Online]. Bouncken, R.B., Gast, J., Kraus, S. and Bogers, M., 2015. Coopetition: a systematic review, synthesis, and future research directions.Review of Managerial Science,9(3), pp.577-601. Chang-Richards (Alice), Y., Rapp, R., Wilkinson, S., von Meding, J. Haigh, R. 2015, "Call for papers: International Journal of Project Management",International Journal of Project Management. Cohen, L., Manion, L. and Morrison, K., 2013.Research methods in education. Routledge. Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach. Sage publications. De Vaus, D., 2013.Surveys in social research. Routledge. Finley, S., 2014. An Introduction to Critical Arts-Based Research Demonstrating Methodologies and Practices of a Radical Ethical Aesthetic.Cultural Studies Critical Methodologies, p.1532708614548123. Gacula Jr, M.C., 2013.Statistical methods in food and consumer research. Elsevier. Hibbert, P., Sillince, J., Diefenbach, T. and Cunliffe, A.L., 2014. Relationally reflexive practice a generative approach to theory development in qualitative research.Organizational research methods,17(3), pp.278-298. Hinton, P.R., McMurray, I. and Brownlow, C., 2014.SPSS explained. Routledge. Larson-Hall, J., 2015.A guide to doing statistics in second language research using SPSS and R. Routledge. Liamputtong, P. 2013,Qualitative research methods,4th edn, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne. Pickard, A., 2012.Research methods in information. Facet Publishing. Riff, D., Lacy, S. and Fico, F., 2014.Analyzing media messages: Using quantitative content analysis in research. Routledge. Rouder, J.N., Morey, R.D., Speckman, P.L., and Province, J.M., 2012. Default Bayes factors for ANOVA designs.Journal of Mathematical Psychology,56(5), pp.356-374. Sderlund, J., Lenfle, S., Linkpings universitet, Fretagsekonomi, Filosofiska fakulteten Institutionen fr ekonomisk och industriell utveckling 2011, "Special issue: Project history: International journal of project management",International Journal of Project Management,vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 491. Strategic Management Society 2011, "Global strategy journal",Global strategy journal,[Online]. Valeri, L. and VanderWeele, T.J., 2013. Mediation analysis allowing for exposuremediator interactions and causal interpretation: Theoretical assumptions and implementation with SAS and SPSS macros.Psychological Methods,18(2), p.137. Wahyuni, D., 2012. The research design Maze: Understanding paradigms, cases, methods, and methodologies.Journal of Applied Management Accounting Research,10(1), pp.69-80. Zhu, J., 2014.Quantitative models for performance evaluation and benchmarking: data envelopment analysis with spreadsheets(Vol. 213). Springer. Zikmund, W., Babin, B., Carr, J. and Griffin, M., 2012.Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

Best moment in my life free essay sample

Many people experience events in their life that they remember because they are life molding, fun, or something educational. These events help people become the person they are meant to be. I have a time in my life that helped me to become a better person and also learn about many different people. One of the most memorable times in my life was when I was a high school stepper. I attended school at Broad Street High School in Shelby Mississippi. I was a junior in high school at the time me and a few of my friends decided to start a step team. The name of the group we started was called the Suave Young Gentlemen or S. Y. G. I had the opportunity to compete along with my friends against many other organizations. We won a lot of competitions along the way but that wasn’t the most important thing I hold on to from those years. We will write a custom essay sample on Best moment in my life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though it wasn’t a college fraternity we still learned the values of building trust and strong friendships. I am still friends with many of the gentleman I had the pleasure of performing with. The biggest part of our group was community service. We did everything from cooking for our towns homeless to performing at local nursery homes for our elders. During those times I learned to love my fellow man. After performing I would sit and talk for hours with the homeless and my elders. The information that I learned from them all was so insightful. One of the homeless I was talking to surprised me when they told me just a few years before they held a manager title at a local restaurant. Everyone I talked to preached the same message to me about staying in school and pursuing a higher education. Those singular moments are still fresh in my mind as of today. I will truly never forget being a member of the organization I was apart of. My group also use to get up early every Saturday morning and cook breakfast for our family and friends with allowed us to bond even more with our families. Just picture every Saturday you would wake up wondering what great breakfast will be prepared for you. It was truly an amazing experience. We also never skipped out on fun either. We always set aside days for our group where we would go bowling play flag football against other organizations, and many more activities. Even when we were cooking or steeping for our elders we always enjoyed ourselves. I also got a chance to tral to many places inside and outside of Mississippi. Many people have experiences they will never forget from traumatic experiences to fun ones. A time in my life I will never forget was when I was apart of the Suave Young Gentlemen. I had the chance to travel, have fun, perform in events, step for elders and the homeless, and learn many life lessons along the way. It was truly an experience I will never forget.

Biology Homework †Professional Assistance

Biology Homework – Professional Assistance Biology assignment is a challenge for those who don’t like this subject or not so good at it. But there are also some situations when you simply don’t have time for it. In all these cases we offer Biology assignment help to ease the studying and get the grade you need. Turn to our Biology experts We hire only professionals. Thus, we have a great team of writers specializing in Biology. Some of them have a PhD, while others have a huge experience in homework help Biology. They can complete the assignment of any difficulty level. That’s why there is no task the writers wouldn’t cope with. Get your paper on time You can turn to us urgent orders. We never refuse since we don’t want to let anyone down. You may indicate any deadline you need. We are not afraid of tight time frames. We are used to fulfilling tasks fast and at the same time professionally. 24-hour support We are online 24 hours a day and every day for your convenience. It doesn’t matter when you place an order. You will get a reply within 10 minutes. It’s a high-quality service and Biology assignment help we provide you with. We adhere to an individual approach. We offer information support during our cooperation. It includes an opportunity to contact your writer and ask any questions you have. This way it will be convenient to watch how the process of homework help Biology is going at . Prices you can afford We never set prices out of nowhere. We estimate the time our team spend on their work. We keep to a reasonable pricing policy. Do you want to know the exact price for Biology homework? You can check it in the order form right on our website. Choose what you are going to order, then the number of pages, and it will show the price. Moreover, sometimes we offer more profitable conditions for Biology homework. For instance, those who place their first order can get a discount. Those who order a big paper can count on a discount as well. Take it into consideration when placing your order. Get a great service and excellent Biology assignment at a low cost.

Plastic Surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Plastic Surgery - Essay Example This ideal person is usually someone of a mid-20ish age, slender, with specific measurements and a certain good-looking charm. This limited view automatically rejects anyone with a larger bone structure or other ‘defect’ from being socially acceptable. Those who can both afford to purchase the ‘right’ look and who are fortunate enough to be a candidate for surgery are seen to have the ideal life. Their outward appearance automatically indicates they also have wealth, happiness and freedom. However, even for these people, this restricted view of the ideal has several negative effects on the individual as well as society. With so much attention given to the way a person looks on the outside as being the only social measure, there is very little room for internal characteristics to receive their rightful attention. People also spend so much time obsessing about the way they look that there is little time or energy for personal development. This shallow, obsessi ve view can be especially seen in the alarming numbers of teenagers, both male and female, seeking plastic surgery, because it can be potentially harmful to the individual’s psychological nature and physical health, and as it is perpetuated by their role models and peers and encouraged or supported by their parents and elders. As it becomes more socially acceptable, more people are turning to cosmetic surgery to enhance their bodies while they’re still attending high school. They are working to construct the ideal form without giving their bodies a chance to finish growing. Many adolescents (and the parents that allow them to seek these types of surgery) don’t seem to realize that plastic surgery is still surgery. Surgery of any type can have significant physical and physiological risks, especially when performed on bodies that have not yet completed their growth cycle. Although some parents might argue that a child has definitely finished growing, doctors have reported sending

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 13

Report - Essay Example Outlets vary in size and complexity with some providing hot meals while others only provide cold provisions. An atmosphere conducive to purchasing is required, allowing time to browse and a quick checkout service. A full range of appropriate foodstuffs needs to be available to cater for all tastes and cultural requirements. There are usually peaks and troughs in customers, with most requiring service at lunchtimes and morning/afternoon breaks. At these times, there needs to be a smooth service for customers allowing fast purchase of the desired items without having to queue for extended periods. There are many ways to show a service and its supporting elements. This report uses the service blueprint (Shostak, 1984). Although the service appears simple, there are several things going on at once, which are more easily seen in a service blueprint. The following blueprint is based on the distinctions described by Bitner et al (2008). This part of customer service operations falls within the tangibles area of the dimensions of service quality and both the physical evidence and backstage activities of the service blueprint. For Sodexo, it includes the layout of the outlet, the placement of things like the drinks machines, chillers and cold cabinets, and the overall look of the outlet. Customers expect a food outlet to be clean and comply with relevant health and safety legislation to ensure that they do not suffer from such things as food poisoning (Tester et al, 2010). In addition, any food spills should be cleaned up immediately to ensure no-one slips over. General hygiene is also a tangible aspect of service quality, even though it is not a physical item. The Sodexo staff do try to keep the catering area clean, but there are occasions when food spills are not cleared up as quickly as they could be, and this could affect consumer confidence when purchasing items for consumption. The delay in cleaning up spillage can be caused by too few staff being

U can choose from below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

U can choose from below - Essay Example He realized that the company was one of his working buildings and made a decision of taking all the tests required by the company in order to participate (Steven). Nicholas was immersed in the CRS’s game, though unwillingly. Through his participation in the game, things went out of control making the viewers unsure of the reality. The aim is to explore the plot, techniques, and characters in the film. Plot Nicholas is a wealthy banker with investments. Although his success has been brought about by his personal life, he remains hunted after his father committed suicide. On his forty-eight birthday, he receives a present from his brother, which is a gift card from the CRS Company, which Conrad promised Nicholas that it would change his life. Nicholas doubted but later calls the company. By meeting the fellow members, the game changes Nicholas mind; he applies though irritated by the time it consumed. He is later informed that his application was rejected. By this time, the game has already started and Nicholas highly believes that his life is at risk. He meets Christine who is a waiter and tends to be caught up in the game. Nicholas makes an effort of contacting the police about the company but they find the offices abandoned. At last, Conrad apologizes to Nicholas claiming that through the same company, he was attacked. Since Nicholas had nowhere else to run to, he finds Christine’s’ home and realizes that she is an employee from the SRC Company. She tells Nicholas that they are being watched, and he furiously attacks the cameras thereby forcing them to flee. Christine tells Nicholas that most of his close associates participate in the game. Nicholas later becomes unconscious and is drugged by Christine (Steven). When he wakes up, he finds himself in a cemetery at Mexico where he is forced to sell his golden watch. When he goes back home, he finds his mansion has already been seized. He takes out a gun apologizing to his wife for the neglec t. Nicholas discovers an employee from the SRC who is a famous actor forcing him to make his entries to the SRC. Nicholas almost committed suicide, although unsuccessful. He smashes through a glass roof landing on a giant air bag, which saved his life. He later finds himself with his friends and relatives as well as his colleagues in the game. Conrad is alive and explains that his intensions were for the game to change his brother’s life. Nicholas sees Christine leaving the party, follows her, and shares a cup of coffee, as he waits for the next assignment for the game. How the Actors Portray Key Character Role Reviewing Michael Douglas role as Nicholas Van Orton, examination is on his key traits being a cynic, cold-hearted, high-powered, driven, obsessive, and proud. His obsessive nature is brought out by the way he treats the employees at the investment bank, where he lashes out with demands that are rigid. In terms of being a cynic, he portrays this in a number of ways but in particular, he remains skeptical that the game might make his life fun. He even ends up delaying the call offered by the CRS Company, he also tries to shut others out of his life by showing that he is over the suicide of his father. His high-powered trait and drive are visible in the way he chooses to live his life, with a highly paying investment job and a mansion as his house. However, he is cold-hearted in terms of the inhumane way he treats his secretary (Elizabeth), his ex-wife, and his

Development of Controlled Drug Delivery for Animals

Development of Controlled Drug Delivery for Animals INDUDTRIAL CHALLENGES : The production of, controlled release drug delivery technologies are same, both in, humans and animals, but, the reasons for developing them are not same. In humans and animals, the controlled drug delivery permits safe, effective and easy handling for the user. In humans, to develop a drug into long acting one, the reasons to be considered are, less dose frequency, more patient compliance and to improve the well being of the patient. However, in animals to develop a drug into long acting one, the reasons to be considered are, minimum animal handling, low cost of treatment and small time for the administration of the drug. In human field, main focus is on the health of the patient, but, in animal arena, main focus is on the low cost of treatment, easy administration by the farmer and minimum animal handling. In veterinary industry, these reasons challenge the production of controlled drug delivery technologies. (1). The challenges in a veterinary drug industry, for the development of controlled drug delivery for animals are small commercial market, low profits and money spent on the research is less. The price of the finished product depends on the selection and price of the excipients, polymers, methods used for manufacturing and marketing team responsibilities (1). The major challenge is cost of the finished product and it depends on the method of design, type of excipient and polymer used and how many excipients used during the formulation (1). Marketing team responsibilities is another challenge. Poor marketing is responsible for decreased efforts to develop a new product (1). Another challenge is farmed animals. There are, large number of physiological differences between the species and within the species. One example for physiological difference is body weights, Beef cattle weighs 266-641kg, dairy cows weighs 600-700 kg and sheep weighs 54-66 kg. Animals, throughout their life cycle shows different weights. Due to these differences, dosage forms should be developed with different strengths and volumes. Due to this challenge scientist faces a problem, whether dosage is to be developed per animal or weight of the animal. If the dosing per animal is considered, the challenges are measures of drug safety. If the dosing is as per the body weight, the challenge is design is design of a flexible delivery technology that covers wide range of animals and the animals that are growing. An example is, CIDRÂ ® intra vaginal inserts for sheep, pigs and cattle. The intra vaginal inserts for sheep and cattle are having same shape, but, different in size. These inserts for pigs are different in shape compared to sheep and cattle. Basically, same technology is used for the preparation of these three inserts. (1). Another challenge is, drug or residues exist in the food. To overcome this challenge wide absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) studies are conducted and also characterization techniques are developed. These studies, depends on the cost of the final product. In veterinary industry, new polymers and excipients for controlled release are rarely used. (1). Another challenge in the veterinary industry, is administration of dose. In animal field, the dose should be administered manually, for this suitable applicators are to be designed. The designed applicators should facilitate easy use by the end user (1). The challenges faced by the veterinary industry are many. The developed products must have safety, stability and efficacy. These profiles are built into each product and additional challenges are also to be addressed i.e. the presence of residual drug at the site of administration. Safety profiles are applicable to both animals and users. For efficacy profiles different breeds, different seasons and different geographical locations are considered. Chemical stability of drugs is major challenge. Farms lack areas for the storage of pharmaceuticals. Physical stability of the drug is another challenge. Farmers show less interest towards efficacy profile, how to use, method of administration, residual drug in the tissue etc. scientists should improve the features like method of administration, acceptable safety and efficacy profiles and during the storage drug should not be altered. (1). Another challenge is influence of delivery technique on the environment. The new delivery technology should not show any impact on the ecosystems. (1). Major challenge in the near future is reduction of carbon compounds for the development of drug delivery technologies, because, carbon dioxide and methane are considered as green house gases. In the future, specialized controlled release dosage forms will be developed (1). Another challenge is market. Identification of need is one and another is identified need that can bring profits that are spent on research. For the well being of animal health, several products are used, they are, feed additives, pharmaceuticals, vaccines and nutraceuticals. The challenges associated with these products are different physicochemical properties and different formulation approaches. In the last decade, less money is spent on the research. In UK, 1986, 70% of veterinary products are introduced into the market for live stock, but, 45% of sales were reported in 2008. However, companion sector had grown to 52% in UK, due to increased use of vaccines and novel medicines. The companion animal industry is employing formulation scientists, those are having experience in human product development rather than formulation scientists, who is a farmed animal specialist (1). Regulatory needs is the future challenge. Manufacturing GMP requirements are same for the final products, both in, animal and human arenas. (1). In recent times, the curious challenge is seen in farms of certain species like swine and chickens. If these farms do not buy the new products developed by the pharmaceutical companies, they are showing less interest for the investment. This type of challenge is seen in USA (1). INDUSTRIAL OPPURTUNITIES :- Now a days, several opportunities are there for veterinary pharmaceutical industry. Compared to market of the human pharmaceuticals, veterinary pharmaceutical products is shorter. By taking this advantage, employing an experience team, quickly complete the development activities. Due to the short time for the market, income comes quicker, more profits can be achieved before patent expires (1). Availability of animals for research, rather than humans is another opportunity. In food producing animals, ADME studies are conducted at early stages, which help in the formulation development. This kind of opportunity favours the experimentation on target species (1). Human drugs are first tested on animals ( dogs ), this creates an opportunity for veterinary industry. Due to this, pharmacological data of a particular drug is available. In companion animal market, this data is useful in reformulation of human serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors and monoamine oxidase-B for anxiety and cognitive disorders for dogs (1). The clinical trials, that are done on animals also provides data of environmental assessment, for the development of formulation. This data helps in understanding of degradation process of the drug due to temperature, pH and light (1). At present, veterinary market lacks new APIs, however, some reports are showing that new compounds are reaching the market. The existing drugs life can be increased by developing controlled release drug delivery technologies (1). Reference (1) Rathbone M, Brayden D. Controlled release drug delivery in farmed animals: commercial challenges and academic opportunities. Current drug delivery 2009;6 (4):383-390.

We Must Fight Internet Hate Propaganda :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

We Must Fight Internet Hate Propaganda      Ã‚   This essay approaches the subject of the hostility to traditional American values presented by the internet. At a very deep level the world of the internet can sometimes seem indifferent and even hostile to morality. This is partly because internet culture is so deeply imbued with a typically postmodern sense that the only absolute truth is that there are no absolute truths or that, if there were, they would be inaccessible to human reason and therefore irrelevant(1).    Among the specific problems presented by the internet is the presence of hate sites devoted to defaming and attacking religious and ethnic groups. Some of these target churches. Like pornography and violence in the media, internet hate sites are reflections of the dark side of human nature. And while respect for free expression may require tolerating even voices of hatred up to a point, industry self-regulation-and, where required, intervention by public authority-should establish and enforce reasonable limits to what can be publicly said.    Church-related groups should be creatively present on the internet; and well-motivated, well-informed individuals and unofficial groups acting on their own initiative are entitled to be there as well. But it is confusing, to say the least, not to distinguish eccentric doctrinal interpretations, idiosyncratic devotional practices, and ideological advocacy bearing a specific church label, from the authentic positions of that Church.    There needs to be "the development of an anthropology and a theology of communication"(2) with specific reference to the internet. Christians, as concerned members of the larger Internet audience who also have legitimate particular interests of their own, wish to be part of the process that guides the future development of this new medium. It goes without saying that this will sometimes require them to adjust their own thinking and practice.    It is important, too, that all people use the Internet creatively to meet their responsibilities and help fulfill their mission in life. Hanging back timidly from fear of technology or for some other reason is not acceptable, in view of the very many positive possibilities of the Internet. Methods of facilitating communication and dialogue among people can strengthen the bonds of unity between them. Immediate access to information makes it possible to deepen dialogue with the contemporary world.    People in leadership positions in all sectors of society need to understand the internet, apply this understanding in formulating plans for social communications together with concrete policies and programs in this area, and make appropriate use of this media.

A Maya Village: The Folk-Urban Continuum Essay

The â€Å"folk-urban continuum† model elaborated by Robert Redfield continues to reappear from time to time in various guises. The concept of the continuum has been attacked as being simplistic, and overgeneralized, not least because many geographers have detected village-type communities within large cities. Redfield’s speculations about what he saw as the significant changes from the folk to the urban end of the continuum are based on studies conducted in the Yucatan during the early 1930s. It’s essential elements focus on the fact that as a community moves from the folk to the urban end of the continuum, there occur shifts from cultural intimacy and organization to disorganization. Along with this there is collective or community orientation to individualization; and the sacred to the secular. Folk cultures are borne by small, closely-integrated social units or by aggregates of such units which have already worked out satisfactory mutual adjustments. Redfield characterized the folk societies he had been studying as traditional, spontaneous, and uncritical where men follow similar lifestyles. These patterns remain clear throughout the generations. In sum, the folk society holds its traditions to heart and doesn’t question their way of life. These lifestyles are practically sacred. In modern civilization, on the other hand, the small social units are being broken down, giving place to masses of individuals who are much more loosely interrelated than the members of the former local groups and classes. In modern civilizations, culture is being reduced. Our own civilization is simply a blend of differences which he must choose. The concepts of folk religion and folk belief–at least when filtered through Redfield’s categories–are descriptive anthropological categories meant to aid in the attempt to understand the conditions and development of certain kinds of society. In part, Redfield’s concept of folk or peasant culture was meant to provide an alternative to the division of societies into primitive and modern categories. The concept relied on a distinction between â€Å"an isolated primitive community, which has for context only that community and its local and immediate culture,† and the peasant community and its culture, where â€Å"the context is widened to include the elements of the great traditions that are or have been in interaction with what is local and immediate.† Folk beliefs referred to a body of belief and practice forming part of a community’s local knowledge. As a result, they tended to occupy a region close to the cosmology and common sense of the group, rather than the domain occupied by a consciously accepted creed. Redfield wants to look at cultural change, in the ways that varying degrees of contact with â€Å"civilization† differentially affects â€Å"folk culture† throughout the Yucatan. The Chan Kom study was the first step in a project funded by the Carnegie Institution to look at the question of culture change. The project was to begin by studying † a community where folk culture was complete†. This is Chan Kom. Then, for comparison, the study was to go on to look at â€Å"communities where that culture is in disorganization or conversion into something else†. Eventually, this project would encompass four towns and would place them in a â€Å"folk-urban continuum†.

International Management Essay Essays

International Management Essay Essays International Management Essay Essay International Management Essay Essay Executive Summary This written instance analysis study is prepared for the analysis of the instance survey of the Tata Group – â€Å"The Last Rajah: Ratan Tata and Tata’s Global Expansion. † ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) . It will foremost get down with a brief debut on the Tata Group of India. with the beginning and the secondary ( both short- and long-run ) jobs of this biggest pudding stone in India. to be identified and discussed following. An analysis of the jobs is presented following. followed by the standards of rating. A comprehensive listing of all major executable classs of action are presented before the recommended scheme ( Internet Explorers ) are discussed. The following subdivision will cover the justifications of recommendations followed by the execution. control and follow up. 1. Introduction The Tata Group. India’s biggest pudding stone ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) . was founded by 29-years old Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata in 1868. It was foremost established as a trading company in Bombay and started open uping concerns in sectors such as steel. energy. fabrics and cordial reception ( Tata Group 2012 ) . In 1904. Sir Dorab Tata. the senior of Jamsetji’s two boies. succeeded Tata Group in Germany after Jamsetji passed on. Ratan Tata succeeded as the president. following the decease of his uncle – J. R. D. Tata. in 1993 ( Tata Group 2012 ) . Today. the Tata group consists of more than 100 runing companies in seven concern sectors ( Refer to Appendix 1 ) with operations in more than 80 states across six continents. exporting merchandises and services to 85 states. The latest fiscal figures reflected on its web site showed that the entire gross of Tata Group was US $ 83. 3 billion ( around Rs 3. 796. 75 billion ) in 2010-11. an addition of 18. 8 % from 2009-10 ( Tata Group 2012 ) . With its devotedness to strong values and first-class concern moralss. the Tata name has been respected in India for more than 140 old ages. Each Tata company or endeavor operates independently and is answerable to its ain board of managers and stockholders. Traveling frontward. new engineerings and invention will be Tata Group’s focal point. in order to develop its concern in India and internationally. Anchored in India with its traditional values and strong moralss. Tata companies are constructing transnational concerns that will accomplish growing through excellence and invention. while equilibrating the involvements of stockholders. employees and civil society ( Tata Group 2012 ) . 2. Beginning Problems With its broad variegation of concern across six continents. Tata faces several challenges. The first job is to construct a consistent vision while being in many different markets and industries. Another challenge is to explicate schemes for over 100 companies in more than 80 states.Besides this. another job of Tata Group is the high engagement of Ratan Tata. who is the main steward of the group of nine senior executives sitting on the boards of the Tata companies. in both the dialogues of major trades and the inside informations of his auto-making. telecom or steel concerns ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) . The following challenge for Tata is on how to absorb the fighting Corus Millss. Other challenges for the future include make up ones minding on which concerns to by-product and which to prosecute. what will go on to the pudding stone during an economic system slow-down. The most challenge issue for Tata Group possibly would be to make full the nothingness left behind by the energetic an d airy Mr Ratan Tata – Chairman of the Tata Group. when he retire ( Koontz and Weihrich 2010 ) . 3. Secondary Problems 3. 1 Long term3. 1. 1 Diversification of investings and concernsFrom the instance survey. it is apparent that a major job for Tata Group is its variegation of its investings and concerns over so many different states. The group is subjected necessarily to the different market state of affairss and the civilization of each single market. 3. 1. 2 The continuance of operation of Corus MillssAnother long-run job for Tata Group is whether they should go on runing the fighting Corus Millss. As mentioned in the article. the minute Tata Steel took over Corus. it is loaded with a $ 7. 4 billion debt and the high operational cost of Corus weakens the net income borders of Tata Steel ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) . 3. 1. 3 Sustainability of its concern versus sustainability of its corporate societal duty during economic system slow-down Should there be an economic system slow-down. the ability of Tat Group to prolong its concerns versus their ability to prolong the societal responsible civilization. which is developed by Ratan’s ascendants ( Griffin and Moorhead 2010 ) . remains a challenge for Tata Group. The Rata pudding stone will hold to make up ones mind between prolonging its concerns and carry throughing this civilization. This will be particularly tough with a $ 7. 4 billion debt already on its books. 3. 1. 4 Management control in Tata GroupAs mentioned in the article. Mr Ratan is the main steward. of his squad of nine senior executives in the Group Corporate Office. who negotiates major trades himself and immerses himself in the inside informations of his concerns. Ratan Tata is besides the major determination shaper in most of Tata Group’s major trades. At the clip when the article was written. Tata Group has non found a suited replacement. The fact that Mr Ratan Tata is individual and childless ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) therefore poses the toughest challenge of who is to make full the nothingness for Tata Group. when Mr Ratan retires. 4. Analysis 4. 1 Diversification of investings and concernsThis long term job will turn out to be an obstruction towards its planetary enlargement and the development of the company to its full potency. as there is no 1 common group scheme with a common aim. The deficiency of a common corporate scheme may move as a keeping force ( Singh 2012 ; mention to Appendix 2 ) against traveling Tata Group to its coveted place in the planetary market and besides against accomplishing overall productiveness of the organisation. 4. 2 The continuance of operation of Corus MillssA first expression at this job of the Tata Group would evidently be to stop the operation of Corus Millss. However. one of the strengths and competitory advantage that Tata Group has over its rivals. is backward integrating ( Hill and Jones 2011 ) like what Hill and Jones ( 2011. 180 ) described – steel companies providing its Fe ore demands from company-owned Fe ore mines. Having its ain abundant coal and Fe ore militias enables Tata Group to bring forth natural steel at low cost in India. and transport it to Corus’ first-class Millss overseas to bring forth steel merchandises. Furthermore. by looking at the fiscal information provided in the instance survey. Tata Motors was the least profitableness concern in 2007 for Tata Group. With the acquisition of Corus Millss and Tata’s competitory advantage of backward integrating. Tata Group can do usage of Tata Steel and Corus Millss to bring forth low cost steel auto parts in order to cut down the cost of gross revenues for Tata Motors. The gross net income borders for Tata Motors can be increased with the cost of gross revenues reduced ( Needles. Powers. and Crosson. 2010 ) . 4. 3 Sustainability of its concern versus sustainability of its corporate societal duty during economic system slow-down When there is an economic system slow-down. it will subject Tata Group’s determination on prolonging its concern or still keep its expensive corporate societal duty. to a great trial. A fast and immediate solution. during an economic system down-turn will be to cut down the parts for charitable causes. such as cut downing or ending the one-year $ 40 million part for charitable Acts of the Apostless in Jamshedpur. in order to prolong its concerns. However. Tata Group will hold to see about the long-run deductions of such drastic immediate decrease or expiration of charitable financess. The repute of Tata Group may have a whipping in the long tally. due to negative imperativeness and media coverages ( Davies et al. 2003 ) . should such steps are implemented drastically and instantly. in order to prolong its concerns. 4. 4 Management control in Tata GroupFrom the description of the article. the direction manner of Tata Group seemed to follow an ethnocentric strategic sensitivity and an organisational civilization of â€Å"family culture† . A cultural strategic sensitivity refers to the peculiar manner which most multi-national companies ( MNCs ) have towards making things ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ; Aswathappa 2010 ) . A MNC with an ethnocentric sensitivity will usually depend on the values. and involvements of the parent company in formulating and implementing a strategic program. Their primary accent is on profitableness and the company will seek to run its abroad operations in line with how they are run back at place ( Loke 2008 ; Aswathappa 2010 ) . Tata Group is likened to be run with an ethnocentric sensitivity as Mr Ratan Tata is the main dealmaker who is closely involved in all major trades dialogues and besides inside informations of his different concerns. This sensitivity will necessarily ensue in parochialism in Mr Tata. which may impact his logical strategic thought. Tata Group has adopted a â€Å"family† type of organisational civilization. â€Å"Family culture† type of organisations besides concentrating on hierarchy. orientation to individuals. leader heads the company like a lovingness parent. the direction besides takes good attention of employees. ensures employees are good treated and bask continued employment ( Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner 1998 ) . This is clearly reflected in their disbursement of $ 40 million yearly in the company’s place base of Jamshedpur and their first-class employee wage policy of workers still acquiring paid to the full till the age of 60 old ages old and womb-to-tomb wellness attention. even if they retire early. This will ensue in extra disbursals for Tata Group in order to carry through this â€Å"corporate societal responsibility† . Harmonizing to the article. Tata Group has non found a suited replacement at the clip when the article was written. The toughest challenge will be happening a suited campaigner of who is able to make full the nothingness for Tata Group. when Mr Ratan retires. 5. Standards of Evaluation 1. To place and distinguish between the â€Å"Cash cows† and â€Å"Stars† ( Phadtare 2011 ; mention to Appendix 3 ) concerns and the â€Å"Question Mark ( or Problem Child ) † and â€Å"Dog† concerns ( Phadtare 2011 ; mention to Appendix 3 ) within the following 6 months. 2. To cut down the $ 7. 4 billion debt of Corus within the following 5 old ages. 3. To cut down their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† bit by bit within the following 5 old ages. but yet non neglect or waive their corporate societal duty. 4. To place a replacement within the following two to three old ages. 6. Alternate schemes A comprehensive listing of all executable schemes will be presented for Tata Group before the recommended scheme ( Internet Explorers ) will discussed. 6. 1 Short term ( S ) :Targeted short-run aims to accomplish within the following few months to 1 twelvemonth from the clip of execution. S1To place and group the concerns into â€Å"Cash cows† . â€Å"Stars† . â€Å"Question Mark ( or Problem Child ) † or â€Å"Dog† concerns ( Phadtare 2011 ; mention to Appendix 3 ) within the following 6 months. S2To make up ones mind on which concern ( Es ) to maintain and concentrate on and which concern ( Es ) to neutralize. 6. 2 Long term ( L ) :Targeted long-run aims to accomplish within the following 3 – 5 old ages and beyond. L1To cut down the $ 7. 4 billion debt of Corus Millss within the following 5 old ages by possibly re-looking into refinancing the debt loan with a lower involvement rate. in order to strength their net income borders. This is to change over Corus Millss into a profitable concern unit which will enable Tata Group to go on edifice on its competitory advantage over its rivals. of incorporating backward integrating. with the coaction of Tata Steel and Corus Millss. for Tata Motors. L2To cut down their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† of S $ 40 million for Jamshedpur bit by bit – 5 % per twelvemonth in the first four twelvemonth and a concluding 10 % in the 5th twelvemonth. and besides to cut down the employees’ benefits bit by bit. This will enable Tata Group to prolong its concerns better. but yet non neglect or waive their corporate societal duty. L3To place a replacement within the following two to three old ages and besides to bit by bit alter their ethnocentric sensitivity manner of running the concern and besides their â€Å"family† type of organisational civilization. Strategy statement as per Hofer and Schendel’s features: Tata Group’s scheme for the following 3 – 5 old ages is to â€Å"tidy up† it’s widely diversified investings and concerns and work on its competitory advantage of backward integrating ( of having Fe ore mines ) in order to assist its car concern addition net income border. By bit by bit cut downing their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† . Tata Group will be able to impart these capital to prolong and spread out its concern globally. By placing a replacement for its president. this will guarantee the sustainability of the Tata concerns and besides to convey Tata Group to the following frontier. 7. Recommended scheme ( Internet Explorers )In order for this concern program for Tata Group to be successful. the schemes presented demands to be both accomplishable and sustainable with an accurate rating of its current resources. nucleus competences and capablenesss. With both short term and long term schemes listed supra and analyzed via the Strategy Feasibility Table listed in Appendix 4. the recommended schemes ( best 3 out of 5 ) are as follows: S1: To place and group the concerns. S2: To make up ones mind on which concern ( Es ) to maintain. which concern ( Es ) to neutralize.L2: To cut down their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† . 8. Justifications of recommendations After analysing the options schemes via the Strategy Feasibility Table ( Refer to Appendix 4 ) . it was decided that the most executable schemes are S1. S2 and L2 to decide the beginning and secondary jobs above. Schemes S1 and S2 are chosen to outdo decide the variegation of concerns that resulted in the absence of a common group scheme with a common aim for Tata Group. The following scheme for Tata Group to implement is the decrease of their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† . This will liberate up more capital for Tata Group to airt them to tout their â€Å"Stars† concerns. The staying two long-run schemes of L1 and L3. with a somewhat higher mark of 15 and 14 severally. in the feasibleness trial. may be considered to be implemented at the same time with lesser precedences. This is because it will non be easy for Tata Group to cut down the $ 7. 4 billion debt within a short period of clip and besides non easy for any company to beginning for. identify and name a replacement for its Chairman and to alter the civilization within a short period of clip excessively. The most critical issue now is for Tata Group to carry on the most effectual and efficient schemes. 9. Implementation. Control and Follow-up For any MNCs. e. g. Tata Group. it is non easy to implement concern consolidation like S1 and S2. S1 and S2 described supra will merely be the â€Å"identification† phase to find the type of concern each belongs to. The physical execution of the consolidation has to be executed with utmost cautiousness as consolidation may ensue in employees redundancy. After the consolidation exercising is successfully. the Group Corporate Office ( GCO ) of Tata Group will hold to guarantee that they do non establish monolithic concern variegation programs without careful considerations. The followup on the execution of S1 and S2 will hold to be monitor by the GCO closely with a clear timeline listed out as a usher to forestall any cunctation or holds. As for the execution of scheme L2. Tata Group has to put to death it with cautiousness excessively. It is non be implemented excessively hurriedly to forestall any harm to the company’s image due to any to negative imperativeness and media coverages ( Davies et al. 2003 ) . Any other hereafter â€Å"charitable spending† will hold to be discussed and decided more strictly. As stated above under Section 6. 2. L2. the decrease will be done bit by bit over a timeline of 5 old ages and the GCO of Tata Group will hold to adhere closely to this timeline. 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Coleman A ; Co. Ltd. hypertext transfer protocol: //economictimes. indiatimes. com/topic/Ratan-Tata. Trompenaars. Alfons. and Charles Hampden-Turner. 1998. Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Diverseness in Global Business. 2nd erectile dysfunction. New York. USA: McGraw-Hill. Appendix Appendix 1: The seven concern sectors of the Tata groupThe seven concern sectors of the Tata group:1 ) Communications and information engineering2 ) Technology3 ) Materials4 ) Servicess5 ) Energy6 ) Consumer merchandises7 ) Chemicals( Tata Group 2012 ) Appendix 2: Kurt Lewin’s Force Field Analysis Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. change-management-coach. com/force-field-analysis. hypertext markup language ( Change Management Coach 2012 ) Appendix 3: The Boston Consulting Group ( BCG ) Growth Share Matrix Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. quickmba. com/strategy/matrix/bcg/( QuickMBA 2010 )